Learn the most important blockchain and cryptocurrency terms, concepts, and jargon in one simple glossary.
An open blockchain protocol that helps applications enable decentralized token exchange.
A one-hour market window used for short-term price, volume, or trend data.
A 24-hour period used to measure recent trading volume, price movement, or performance.
A 30-day timeframe commonly used to review monthly market performance.
A US retirement savings plan where workers can invest part of their income for the future.
A blockchain security risk where one party controls most validation power.
The highest and lowest price an asset has reached during the last year.
The full price range between an asset’s yearly high and yearly low.
A seven-day market period used to track weekly changes.
A principle suggesting that a small share of actions can create most outcomes.
A token distribution method used to reward users or promote a project.
Any cryptocurrency that is not Bitcoin.
A decentralized trading model that uses liquidity pools and formulas.
The yearly return on an asset after including compounding.
The yearly interest rate before compounding.
A blockchain feature that makes wallets more programmable and user-friendly.
A blockchain destination used to send or receive crypto assets.
A defined set of instructions used to solve a problem or perform a task.
A stablecoin that relies on programmed supply mechanisms to help manage its value.
The highest price or valuation an asset has ever reached.
The lowest price or valuation an asset has ever reached.
Rules and controls aimed at preventing illegal money movement.
A software interface that lets applications connect and exchange data.
Buying and selling across markets to profit from price differences.
Specialized hardware designed for a specific computing task such as mining.
The lowest price a seller is willing to accept.
Something with economic value that can be owned or traded.
A direct crypto exchange between users without a central intermediary.
A formal review of code, finances, or systems for accuracy and risk.
The process of confirming a user’s identity.
Testing a trading strategy using historical market data.
A slang term for a crypto holding or position.
An investor who keeps holding an asset after a major decline.
A rapid wave of withdrawals caused by fear about solvency.
Someone who expects prices to decline.
A prolonged market decline marked by weak confidence.
A false bearish signal followed by an upward price move.
A token standard used on BNB Smart Chain.
The highest price a buyer is offering for an asset.
The difference between the highest bid and the lowest ask.
The first decentralized cryptocurrency and blockchain-based digital money.
A machine that allows users to buy or sell Bitcoin.
Bitcoin’s share of the total crypto market capitalization.
An exchange-traded product designed to provide Bitcoin exposure.
A programmed reduction in Bitcoin block rewards.
A formal document proposing changes to Bitcoin.
A rare, unexpected event with major consequences.
A bundle of blockchain transaction data.
A tool for viewing blockchain transactions and blocks.
The number of blocks before a specific block.
The reward given for creating or validating a new block.
The amount of data a block can contain.
The average time needed to produce a new block.
A distributed ledger made of linked blocks of data.
A search tool for public blockchain records.
The challenge of balancing decentralization, security, and scalability.
A formula that adjusts token price based on supply.
Automated programs that perform tasks such as trades or monitoring.
A reward offered for completing tasks or finding bugs.
An experimental token standard associated with Bitcoin Ordinals.
A tool for moving assets or data between blockchains.
A trial-and-error attack used to guess passwords or keys.
A market condition where prices rise far beyond likely value.
A reward program for reporting security issues.
Someone who expects prices to rise.
A market phase where prices rise and sentiment is positive.
A strong sustained upward price trend.
A false bullish signal followed by a price decline.
The permanent removal of tokens from circulation.
Buying an asset after a price decline.
A large buy order that may support price.
The ability of a system to reach agreement even with faulty participants.
A coordination problem used to explain trust issues in distributed networks.
Chart shapes showing open, close, high, and low prices.
Money or resources used for investment or business operations.
A panic-selling phase where investors abandon positions after heavy losses.
A chain reaction where forced sales trigger more forced sales.
A digital currency issued by a central bank.
A blend of centralized services and decentralized finance features.
A system’s ability to prevent any single party from blocking participation.
An institution responsible for monetary policy and financial stability.
Controlled by one main authority or organization.
A company-operated platform for buying and selling crypto.
A user experience layer that hides cross-chain complexity.
A blockchain event where a different chain version replaces recent blocks.
A separation of one blockchain into two or more paths.
An address that receives leftover funds from a transaction.
A method used to encrypt or decrypt data.
The number of coins or tokens currently available in public markets.
Software that connects to a network or service.
Mining through rented computing power hosted by another provider.
A cryptocurrency that usually operates on its own blockchain.
A service designed to obscure transaction trails.
Offline storage used to protect crypto keys or assets.
A wallet kept offline for stronger security.
An asset pledged to secure a loan or obligation.
A project continuation led by the community after original leaders exit.
The ability for blockchain components to connect and build on each other.
Evidence that a transaction has been included in a block.
Agreement among network participants on valid data.
The blockchain layer responsible for validator agreement.
The process a blockchain uses to validate data and secure the network.
A pullback after an asset has risen too quickly or too far.
Technology that connects separate blockchain networks.
A contribution model used to support blockchain ecosystem projects.
A card that lets users spend crypto through traditional payment systems.
A loan involving digital assets as collateral or borrowed funds.
A prolonged downturn in crypto prices and market activity.
A digital asset secured or represented through cryptographic technology.
A digital currency secured by cryptography and often powered by blockchain.
The practice of protecting information using mathematical techniques.
Using another person’s device to mine crypto without permission.
A setup where a third party holds user funds or private keys.
A provider responsible for safekeeping assets.
The holding and protection of assets for an owner.
A privacy-focused movement that supports cryptography and digital freedom.
A blockchain-based organization governed through rules, smart contracts, or token voting.
An application that runs on decentralized infrastructure.
A hidden part of the internet accessed with special tools.
A method for checking block data availability without downloading everything.
The protection and proper handling of sensitive information.
Buying and selling assets within short timeframes.
A brief price recovery during a larger downtrend.
A cryptocurrency that is abandoned, inactive, or no longer traded meaningfully.
A bearish chart signal where a shorter moving average crosses below a longer one.
A system where control is spread across multiple independent participants.
AI infrastructure or applications distributed across networks instead of central servers.
An API service designed to work directly with blockchain-based systems.
Apps that run on distributed networks rather than one central server.
A trading platform where users swap assets through smart contracts.
Blockchain-based financial services such as lending, trading, and yield tools.
Decision-making managed by distributed communities or token holders.
A user-controlled digital identity standard for decentralized systems.
Turning encrypted data back into readable form.
A tool that combines multiple DeFi services or liquidity sources in one interface.
Borrowing and lending crypto through decentralized protocols.
A general decline in prices or reduction in token supply.
A consensus model where token holders delegate validation power to representatives.
The removal of an asset from an exchange or trading venue.
An attack that overwhelms a service to make it unavailable.
When an asset designed to track another value loses that price relationship.
A decentralized physical infrastructure network using blockchain incentives.
A chart showing buy and sell orders at different price levels.
A financial contract whose value depends on another asset.
A crypto wallet installed on a desktop computer.
A wallet that generates keys and addresses from one recovery seed.
A tool that searches multiple decentralized exchanges for better prices or liquidity.
A slang term for investors who keep holding despite volatility.
A measure of how hard it is to mine or validate the next block.
A digital item or token with value or ownership rights.
Money or value that exists only in electronic form.
Digital information used to represent a person, account, or entity.
A cryptographic proof that verifies authenticity and integrity.
A temporary decline in asset price.
A data structure used by some networks as an alternative to traditional blockchains.
A shared record stored across multiple network participants.
Technology for maintaining shared records across distributed systems.
A risk strategy that spreads investments across different assets.
A slang term for a moderate-sized crypto holder.
An asset’s share of a broader market’s total value.
An attempt to spend the same digital asset more than once.
The decline from a portfolio or asset’s peak value.
A Bitcoin scaling concept based on sidechains.
A project model that uses two tokens for different roles.
A sudden sale of assets that can push prices down.
A privacy attack that sends tiny amounts of crypto to trace wallet activity.
A reminder to research a project independently before making decisions.
An electronic mark used to approve or sign digital documents.
An Ethereum upgrade that changed how transaction fees are calculated.
A lightweight Bitcoin wallet for desktop systems.
A request to explain something in very simple terms.
A moving average that gives more weight to recent prices.
A tactic that makes an email appear to come from someone else.
The rate at which new coins or tokens enter circulation.
Converting information into coded form to protect it.
Blockchain technology designed for business or institutional use.
A defined time period or processing cycle in blockchain or computing.
An Ethereum token standard that supports both fungible and non-fungible tokens.
A common Ethereum standard for fungible tokens.
An Ethereum standard for non-fungible tokens.
An Ethereum token standard with advanced transfer features.
A third-party holding arrangement used until transaction conditions are met.
The native asset used to pay for activity on Ethereum.
A blockchain platform for smart contracts, tokens, and decentralized applications.
An exchange-traded product designed to track Ethereum exposure.
A formal proposal for improving Ethereum.
The runtime environment that executes Ethereum smart contracts.
A platform where users buy, sell, or trade assets.
A market-traded fund that tracks a basket or underlying asset.
A fraud where project operators disappear after collecting user funds.
A misleading market move that quickly reverses.
A rapidly falling asset price that may be risky to buy.
A token connected to a sports team, creator, or community.
A compliance rule requiring information sharing for certain virtual asset transfers.
A service that gives small crypto rewards for simple tasks.
Government-issued money such as EUR, USD, or GBP.
A service that lets users convert traditional money into crypto.
A crypto asset designed to track the value of a fiat currency.
A technical analysis tool used to identify potential support and resistance zones.
An international body that sets standards for fighting financial crime.
An accounting method that treats the earliest assets as sold first.
A slang term for a small crypto holder.
A very fast and sharp market price drop.
A DeFi loan borrowed and repaid within a single transaction.
An exploit using flash loans to manipulate or drain a protocol.
A crypto asset designed to track purchasing power or cost of living.
A hypothetical event where Ethereum overtakes Bitcoin in market capitalization.
Buying an asset to resell quickly for profit.
Fear of missing out, often leading to rushed investment decisions.
A change in software rules that can create a new version of a blockchain or program.
A rule used by nodes to choose the canonical chain.
Acting on knowledge of a pending transaction before it is executed.
Fear, uncertainty, and doubt spread to influence sentiment.
A node that stores and verifies a blockchain’s full history.
The estimated market value if all tokens were circulating.
Evaluating an asset based on underlying economic, financial, or project factors.
Periodic payments between traders in perpetual futures markets.
Interchangeable with another item of the same type and value.
Contracts to buy or sell an asset at a future date and agreed price.
An increase in value or realized profit.
A framework for analyzing strategic decisions between participants.
Blockchain-based gaming with financial incentives or digital ownership.
The fee or computational unit required to run blockchain transactions or contracts.
The maximum gas a user allows for a transaction.
The amount a user is willing to pay per unit of gas.
A slang term for low-profile assets believed to have strong upside potential.
The first block in a blockchain.
A Go-based Ethereum client used to run nodes and interact with the network.
A platform for hosting, managing, and collaborating on code.
A token designed to represent or track gold value.
A bullish chart signal where a short-term moving average rises above a long-term one.
The decision-making process used to manage a protocol or organization.
A token that gives holders voting or decision-making rights.
A graphics processing unit often used in gaming, AI, and some mining tasks.
The idea that an overvalued asset can still be sold to someone else at a higher price.
A chart candle showing that closing price was higher than opening price.
A small denomination of Ether used to measure Ethereum gas fees.
Unauthorized access or manipulation of computer systems.
A scheduled reduction of mining rewards in certain blockchains.
The maximum amount of funds or tokens allowed.
A major protocol change that is not backward compatible.
A physical device used to store crypto keys offline.
A fixed-length output created from input data using a hashing function.
A function that maps data into a fixed-size output.
The amount of computing power used by a mining network.
A smart contract mechanism used for conditional crypto transfers.
An investment fund using advanced strategies to seek returns.
A wallet that generates many addresses from one seed phrase.
A price peak that is above the previous peak.
A price low that is above the previous low.
A slang term for holding crypto through volatility.
A scam or trap that prevents victims from withdrawing or selling.
A crypto wallet connected to the internet.
A legal test used to determine whether an asset may be a security.
A consensus design combining proof-of-work and proof-of-stake features.
Extremely rapid price increases that reduce currency purchasing power.
Unable to be changed once recorded.
A potential loss liquidity providers face when token prices move.
A wallet permission that allows a contract to spend unlimited tokens.
A general rise in prices or an increase in money or token supply.
A fundraising method where projects sell tokens to early participants.
A token launch conducted through a decentralized exchange.
A token sale launched through a centralized exchange.
A fundraising model based on selling NFTs.
A company’s first public sale of shares on a stock market.
Trading based on material non-public information.
An organization that invests large amounts on behalf of clients or members.
Software that combines tools used for coding and development.
A user’s desired outcome in a blockchain transaction or app.
A protocol that lets different blockchains exchange messages.
The ability of systems or blockchains to work together.
A peer-to-peer system for storing and accessing content by its data fingerprint.
An estimate of an asset’s underlying worth.
A margin mode where risk is limited to a specific position.
Malware or software that records keystrokes.
A price gap where crypto trades higher in South Korean markets than elsewhere.
A volume-based indicator used to identify possible price reversals.
Identity checks used by financial platforms to verify customers.
Infrastructure beneath blockchains that supports connectivity and security.
A scaling network built on top of a base blockchain.
A base blockchain network that validates and finalizes transactions.
A record of transactions or balances.
A smart contract pool used for borrowing and lending crypto.
Borrowed exposure used to increase the size of a trading position.
A Bitcoin Layer 2 network designed for faster, cheaper payments.
An order to buy or sell only at a specified price or better.
The token used in the Chainlink oracle network.
A market with enough buyers and sellers for efficient trading.
Staking that issues a token representation of the staked asset.
Forced closure of a position when margin requirements are not met.
How easily an asset can be bought or sold without major price impact.
Earning rewards by supplying assets to liquidity pools.
A pool of tokens used to support decentralized trading.
A user who supplies tokens to a liquidity pool.
Tokens issued to represent a provider’s share of a liquidity pool.
The ratio between a loan amount and collateral value.
A position that benefits when an asset’s price rises.
The smallest unit of ADA.
A price peak lower than the previous peak.
A price low below the previous low.
A live blockchain network used for real transactions.
A migration from one blockchain or token format to another.
Software designed to damage, spy on, or compromise systems.
A demand to add funds when a leveraged account falls below requirements.
Trading with borrowed funds to increase market exposure.
An asset’s price multiplied by its circulating supply.
A participant that adds liquidity by placing buy or sell orders.
An order executed immediately at the best available price.
Special nodes that perform extra network functions and may earn rewards.
The maximum number of coins or tokens that can exist.
Profit gained by ordering, including, or excluding blockchain transactions.
A crypto asset inspired by memes, jokes, or internet culture.
A waiting area for unconfirmed blockchain transactions.
A cryptographic data structure used to verify blockchain data efficiently.
A popular crypto wallet used for Ethereum and compatible networks.
A digital environment where users interact, own assets, and participate virtually.
Tools or methods designed to reduce harmful transaction ordering effects.
A cryptocurrency that can be created through mining.
A participant that uses computing power to validate proof-of-work blocks.
The process of validating proof-of-work transactions and creating new blocks.
How hard it is to find a valid block hash.
A group of miners combining hash power and sharing rewards.
The payout miners receive for producing a valid block.
Creating new tokens or NFTs on a blockchain.
A sequence of words used to restore access to a crypto wallet.
A crypto wallet installed on a mobile device.
Crypto slang for a sharp or hoped-for price increase.
An indicator that smooths price data over a selected period.
A setup involving more than one blockchain network.
A wallet setup requiring more than one signature to approve transactions.
A unique token representing ownership or authenticity of a digital or tokenized item.
Creator earnings paid when an NFT is resold.
Crypto slang meaning not gonna make it.
Someone who owns no crypto or is strongly skeptical of it.
A computer that stores, verifies, or relays blockchain data.
A setup where users control their own private keys.
A unique blockchain token used to represent distinct items or rights.
A number used once in cryptographic or blockchain operations.
Using blockchain records to timestamp and verify documents or events.
Activity that happens outside the main blockchain.
Decision-making that happens socially or informally outside protocol code.
Storing crypto keys or data away from internet-connected systems.
A design that enables seamless interaction across multiple blockchains.
Activity recorded directly on a blockchain.
Protocol decision-making handled through blockchain-based voting or rules.
A pair of orders where filling one automatically cancels the other.
Financial services built to be more open, interoperable, and programmable.
The total number of active derivative contracts still open.
Software whose code is publicly available to inspect, use, or modify.
A marketplace for buying and selling NFTs.
An oracle design where data can be challenged during a dispute window.
A Layer 2 scaling approach that assumes transactions are valid unless challenged.
A contract granting the right, not obligation, to buy or sell an asset.
A service that supplies external data to blockchain smart contracts.
A list of open buy and sell orders for an asset.
Providing collateral worth more than the debt or exposure it secures.
Private trading conducted outside public exchange order books.
A market condition where an asset may have risen too far too quickly.
A market condition where an asset may have fallen too far too quickly.
Direct trading between users without a central intermediary.
Two assets traded against each other, such as BTC/ETH.
Simulated trading using virtual funds.
A physical copy of wallet keys or recovery information.
An application-specific blockchain connected to the Polkadot ecosystem.
Income generated with limited ongoing active work.
Payment-focused finance infrastructure using blockchain rails.
Direct interaction between participants in a network.
A target value relationship between one asset and another.
A ledger where access is restricted to approved participants.
Open to anyone without requiring approval from a central authority.
A derivative contract with no fixed expiration date.
Futures-like contracts that can stay open indefinitely.
A scam that tricks people into revealing sensitive information.
A gaming model where players can earn digital rewards.
A fraud that pays earlier participants using funds from newer participants.
A collection of investments or crypto assets.
Tokens created before public mining or launch.
A market where users trade based on expected future outcomes.
The effect a trade has on an asset’s market price.
A blockchain controlled by a limited group or organization.
A secret key used to access and authorize crypto transactions.
An NFT-based proof that someone attended or participated in an event.
A method for proving a user is a real human.
A cryptographic or public method to show asset holdings.
A consensus model based on approved validator identities.
A consensus or allocation method involving tokens sent to unusable addresses.
A method that creates a verifiable timeline of events.
A consensus mechanism where validators secure a network by staking assets.
A consensus mechanism where miners solve computational puzzles.
A set of rules that defines how a network or system operates.
A wallet address that can be shared to receive funds.
A blockchain that anyone can access and verify.
A cryptographic key that can be shared publicly.
A fraud where hype inflates a price before insiders sell.
A scannable code that stores data such as addresses or links.
The basic unit of information in quantum computing.
Computing that uses quantum mechanics to process certain problems differently.
The minimum participation needed for a vote or decision to be valid.
Leaving a DAO or protocol while withdrawing a proportional share of assets.
Malware that locks or steals data and demands payment.
Physical or traditional assets represented on-chain as tokens.
Adjusting portfolio weights to restore a target allocation.
A token supply adjustment mechanism based on rules or price targets.
A set of words used to restore wallet access.
Finance focused on restoring ecological or social systems.
Subject to rules from a government or supervisory body.
Crypto slang for suffering a large loss.
A momentum indicator used to identify overbought or oversold conditions.
The central chain that coordinates Polkadot parachains.
An attack where valid data is reused maliciously.
A price area where selling pressure may slow upward movement.
Using staked assets to help secure additional networks or services.
A cryptographic signature that hides which member signed a transaction.
A project plan showing goals, milestones, or development direction.
Return on investment, comparing profit or loss to the original cost.
Services that help teams launch blockchain rollups more easily.
A scam where project creators abandon a project and take user funds.
A programming language used for secure and high-performance software.
The smallest unit of Bitcoin.
The pseudonymous creator or creators of Bitcoin.
The challenge of increasing blockchain capacity without weakening security or decentralization.
Technology designed to improve blockchain speed, cost, or throughput.
A fraudulent scheme intended to steal money, assets, or information.
A system built on top of a blockchain to improve scalability.
A digital token representing regulated investment rights or securities.
A recovery phrase used to restore wallet access.
A Bitcoin upgrade that improved transaction structure and capacity.
A large sell order that may act as resistance.
A cryptographic hash function used in Bitcoin mining.
A partition of blockchain data or processing.
A scaling method that splits network workload into smaller parts.
Aggressively promoting a crypto asset, often for personal gain.
A position that benefits when an asset’s price falls.
A rapid price rise caused by short sellers closing positions.
A separate blockchain connected to a main chain.
A trade suggestion or market indication.
A scam where attackers take control of a phone number.
A penalty applied to validators for harmful or incorrect behavior.
The difference between expected and executed trade price.
Blockchain code that runs automatically when conditions are met.
A security review of smart contract code.
A recorded state of blockchain data at a specific time or block.
Social networking combined with blockchain-based financial incentives.
The minimum fundraising target for a project.
A backward-compatible blockchain protocol upgrade.
A wallet application used to manage crypto assets.
A programming language used to write Ethereum smart contracts.
A market where assets are traded for immediate settlement.
Buying or selling assets at current market prices.
A crypto asset designed to maintain a stable value.
Gradually accumulating small amounts of Bitcoin.
Locking or delegating crypto to support a proof-of-stake network.
A scaling method that processes activity off-chain before final settlement.
An order that automatically sells when price reaches a set level.
An asset expected to preserve value over time.
A price area where buying pressure may slow a decline.
A strategy aiming to profit from short- to medium-term price moves.
An attack where one actor creates many fake identities.
A tokenized asset that tracks the value of another asset.
An order or action used to lock in gains.
A Bitcoin upgrade improving privacy and smart contract flexibility.
Market analysis based on price charts, volume, and indicators.
A testing blockchain used before deploying on a live network.
Ethereum’s transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake.
A short symbol used to identify an asset.
An average price calculated over a specific time period.
A condition that delays a transaction until a set time or block.
A digital asset issued on a blockchain.
The point when a project creates or distributes its token.
A period when tokens cannot be transferred or sold.
Moving tokens from one blockchain or contract to another.
A technical rule set for creating compatible tokens.
An exchange or migration of one token for another.
Representing real-world or digital assets as blockchain tokens.
The economic design of a token, including supply, incentives, and utility.
The total number of tokens created, minus any confirmed burns.
The value of assets deposited in a DeFi protocol.
The amount of an asset traded over a period.
Traditional finance, including banks, brokers, and legacy markets.
Software that automates trading decisions or execution.
A transfer or action recorded on a blockchain.
A cost paid to process a blockchain transaction.
A unique identifier assigned to a blockchain transaction.
A measure of how many transactions a network can process each second.
A non-custodial crypto wallet application.
A system where users do not need to rely on a central trusted party.
A security method requiring two forms of verification.
People without access to traditional banking services.
A valid block not included in the main chain.
A transaction state before inclusion in a confirmed block.
The governance token of the Uniswap protocol.
A public ledger open to anyone without approval.
Gains or losses on open positions that have not been closed.
Remaining transaction output available to be spent later.
A practical example of how a product, token, or system can be used.
A token designed to provide access to a product, service, or function.
A proof-of-stake participant that verifies transactions and helps create blocks.
A crypto address customized to include chosen characters.
A project announced publicly but never meaningfully delivered.
Funding provided to startups with high growth potential.
A period during which tokens or shares cannot be fully sold or transferred.
Bitcoin that has never been spent before.
A tool that encrypts internet traffic and can improve privacy.
A co-founder of Ethereum.
The degree of price movement or uncertainty in an asset.
The amount of an asset traded over a specific period.
Crypto slang meaning we are all gonna make it.
A tool for storing keys and interacting with crypto assets.
A manipulative trade where the same party buys and sells to create false volume.
A saved list of assets a user wants to monitor.
Investors likely to sell quickly during volatility.
The early web era focused mainly on static pages and reading content.
The social and interactive web dominated by platforms and user-generated content.
A blockchain-centered internet model focused on digital ownership and user control.
The smallest unit of Ether.
A person or entity holding a very large amount of crypto.
A joking phrase asking when crypto gains will create major wealth.
A phrase asking when an asset’s price will rise sharply.
A security researcher who finds vulnerabilities ethically.
A list of approved users, addresses, or participants.
A project document explaining technology, goals, token design, and roadmap.
A transaction broadcast to the network but not yet included in a block.
A Layer 2 scaling solution that uses zero-knowledge proofs.
Specialized hardware used to speed up zero-knowledge proof generation.
A cryptographic method proving something is true without revealing the underlying data.
A method for proving web data authenticity without exposing all content.
An auxiliary system that performs complex computations and proves results with ZK proofs.
Compact zero-knowledge proofs used to verify information privately.
Applications that use zero-knowledge proofs for privacy or verification.
Zero-knowledge machine learning, used to verify ML results while protecting data.
An oracle design that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify data securely.
A scaling concept combining sharding with zero-knowledge proofs.
A specialized parachain approach used to connect Polkadot with external networks.
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